Hawaii

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History of Hawaii

 * 600 or 700 AD ** First, from the Marquesas, made a settlement
 * 1100 AD **Migration from the Society Islands
 * 00 - 900 A.D. ** Polynesians arrive by canoe from Tahiti.

The name "Hawaii" a form of Hawaiki, the legendary name of the Polynesian homeland.

Hawaii was visited in **1778** by British captain [|James Cook] , who called the islands the Sandwich Islands.

**1840 ** Hawaii adopts its first constitution In **1893**, [|Queen Liliuokalani]  was deposed, and a year later on July 4th, **1894**, the Republic of Hawaii was established with <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none;">[|Sanford B. Dole] <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;"> as president. <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Hawaii became a U.S. territory in **1900.** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">The <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none;">[|Japanese] <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;"> attack on the naval base at <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none;">[|Pearl Harbor] <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;"> on <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none;">[| Dec. 7, **1941**] <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">, was responsible for U.S. entry into <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none;">[|World War II] <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'century gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;">Hawaii was a native kingdom throughout most of the 19th century, when the growing of the sugar industry (pineapple came after 1898) meant increasing U.S. business and political involvement.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1901 ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;">James Drummond Dole planted first pineapples, established Hawaiian Pineapple Company

**<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1946 ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;">Great tsunami struck Hilo, killed over 100, caused $25 million in damages; 33 sugar plantations were struck by 28,000 workers

**<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1950 ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;">Eruption of Mauna Loa destroyed village of Ho'okena mauka

**<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">1959 ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;">Hawaii became 50th U.S. state

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Geography
1. Hawaii's highest peak is Mauna Kea. 2. The Morthwestern Hawaii Islands consist of uninhabited islets. 3. Hawaii has giant fern forest and vegetation is generally luxuriant. 4. Hawaii has lush tropical vegetation, beautiful beaches, volcanoes, and coral reefs. 5. Land area covers 10,931 square miles and 2,400 miles southwest of the United States. 6. Hawaii has been continuously inhabited since 300 B.C.E. 7. 36 square miles are covered by water, and 6,423 square miles are land areas. 8. Some of the coastline is of tall cliffs rising straight up from the water. 9. Hawaii is the 43rd biggest state. 9. Hawaii has 5 counties.

The world’s longest island chain the Hawaii Islands are __1,523 miles long__, 6,423 square miles long and 3,300 meters long. The highest point is Mauna Kea which is 13,796 feet in the sky. There are 8 main islands and there are also 124 islets. The islands consist of many salt lakes and //some// fresh water lakes. In Hawaii there are 19 natural area reserves (109 acres). The Hawaii state park is 25,000 acres.

Mauna Kea

The land area is 10,931 sq miles The highest point is //Mauna kea//at 13,746 ft There are more than 100 small islands that are part of Hawaii. Most of them have mountain ranges along with coastal plains. Hawaiian islands were formed by undersea volcano activity known as hot spots.The islands of Hawaii are located about 2,000 miles southwest of the U.S.The island of Hawaii, also known as the big islands, is the largest of the Hawaiian main islands with a total of 4,028 square miles. The Big island is home to three active volcanoes and Kilauea is one of the most active.

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Tourism remains Hawaii's leading employer, revenue producer, and growth sector. However, agricultural diversification (including the cultivation of flowers and nursery products, papaya, and macadamia nuts), aquaculture, manganese nodule mining, and film and television production have broadened the state's economic base. The public sector has a greater presence in Hawaii's economy than in any other state, accounting for 21.5% of gross state product in 2001, compared to the state average of 12%. Economic growth was relatively sluggish in Hawaii at the end of the 20th century, accelerating only from 2.2% in 1998 to 3.3% in 1999 to 4.6% in 2000. The national recession of 2001 and the after-effects of 9/11 helped reduce the annual growth rate to 2.8% in 2001, mainly through the impact on tourism. By the third quarter of 2002, however, hotel revenue in Hawaii was showing an increase over 2001, in contrast to hotel revenues in other parts of the country. Payroll employment, after declining sharply in 2001, was also showing increases.=====

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Hawaii's gross state product in 2001 was 39th in the nation at $43.7 billion, to which financial services contributed $10.1 billion; general services (including tourism), $10 billion; government, $9.4 billion; trade, $6.5 billion; transportation and public utilities, $4.1 billion, and manufacturing, $1.2 billion. -=====

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The governor is [|Neil Abercrombie] and the [|Lt. Governor] is [|Brian Schatz]. They are both Democrats.=====

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Would you believe that one of Hawaii’s biggest exports is bottled water? Well it’s true. But this bottled water is unlike any bottled water in the world. It doesn’t come from a pristine mountain stream. Instead is comes from the bottom of the ocean. Water, from melting glaciers in Alaska, travels in an undersea current to Hawaii. This trip takes over a thousand years. Several companies extract this water, remove the salt and bottle it. Much of this unique bottled water is sold in Japan, but people from the U.S. are beginning to buy it too.=====

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Another product that Hawaii is known for is [|anthurium flowers]. These South American plants were brought here in the 1800s and have become an established part of the local economy. Many new varieties were developed by local growers and the university and they are shipped from Hawaii to many different parts of the world.=====

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Hawaii is also known for Macadamia Nuts, especially chocolate covered ones. The Macadamia Nut is originally from Australia, but like the Anthurium it has become a big part of the local economy. They taste amazing when dry roasted and sprinkled with salt or when coated in chocolate.=====

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Kona Coffee is yet another superb product from Hawaii. Only coffee that is grown in the districts of North and South Kona can be called Kona coffee. Several factors make Kona Coffee special. The first is the rich volcanic soil that it is grown in. This gives the coffee a distinctive aroma. The second is the specialized micro-climate of the Kona region. Sunny days and afternoon rains give the coffee a very smooth flavor.=====

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Would you believe that one of Hawaii’s biggest exports is bottled water? Well it’s true. But this bottled water is unlike any bottled water in the world. It doesn’t come from a pristine mountain stream. Instead is comes from the bottom of the ocean. Water, from melting glaciers in Alaska, travels in an undersea current to Hawaii. This trip takes over a thousand years. Several companies extract this water, remove the salt and bottle it. Much of this unique bottled water is sold in Japan, but people from the U.S. are beginning to buy it too.=====

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Hawaii is also known for Macadamia Nuts, especially chocolate covered ones. The Macadamia Nut is originally from Australia, but like the Anthurium it has become a big part of the local economy. They taste amazing when dry roasted and sprinkled with salt or when coated in chocolate.=====

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<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 14px;">Maui Pineapple Company is the only producer of Maui-grown pineapples. The company was established in 1909, and is based in Kahului, Maui. It currently cultivates and processes approximately 6,000 acres of two varieties of pineapple: extra-sweet Maui Gold® and Maui Gold Organic pineapple. Pineapple is the ONLY fresh produce that you can take back to the continental United States via the airlines from Hawaii.=====

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**__ Hawaiian Cuisine __**
 * __Techniques__**
 * Hot coals or ashes are used to broil fish or bananas
 * Hot stones can be put in a water-filled container to boil food
 * Roasting and steaming food like sweet potatoes, taro leaves and meat was achieved by placing the food in an earthen oven, an //imu//
 * __Available Foods__**
 * Breadfruit
 * Bananas (if unripe, the fruit will be broiled until soft)
 * Fish (if broiled, the fish must be wrapped in a leaf wrap, a //lawalu//)
 * Taro leaves (can be in the imu for 3-4 hours)
 * Sweet potatoes (even the vines can be eaten and can be in the imu for 2 hours)
 * Ti leaves
 * Chicken (or other fowl- after being ‘dressed’, there inside would be salted and hot stones would be placed inside)
 * Swine (after being ‘dressed’, there inside would be salted and hot stones would be placed inside for 48 hours)
 * __Special Dishes and Drinks__**
 * Hawaiian Chocolate Haupia Pie (chocolate and coconut pudding in a flake pie crust with whipped cream on top)
 * Lilikoi (passion fruit juice)
 * Coco Puffs (basic cream puff pastry filled with milk chocolate pudding topped with Chantilly macadamia nut frosting)
 * __Explanatory Facts__**


 * Flames were blown through a length of bamboo.
 * An imu is a shallow pit in the ground that would be dug in a safe, dry, protected area. If the weather is good, the imu could be built outdoors. The pit would be filled with kindling surrounded by large pieces of and fist-sized stones would be arranged of the wood and kindling.
 * To prepare birds for eating, the hot stones that are placed inside are a special cone shape.
 * Breakfast in Hawaii include many foods: bacon, eggs, coffe, hot spam, nori rollse, fried rice, sausage, fruit, and smoothies

__ Hawaiian Animals __ Birds- Some Hawaiian birds are Northern Cardinal, Erckels’s Francolin and Pueo (Hawaiian Owl) __ Erckel’s Francolin __ Scientific Name- Francolinus erckelii Habitat- Brushland Size- 12 to 20 inches long Eggs- 7 to 12 spotted eggs Marine- Hawaiian marine life includes the Dolphin, Humpback Whale and the Kikakapu (raccoon butterfly fish) __ Kikakapu (Raccoon butterfly Fish) __ Scientific Name- Chaetodon Iunula Habitat- Reefs Size- up to 8 inches Reptiles and Amphibians- reptiles and amphibians include the Gold Dust Gecko, Giant Bufo Toad, Green Anole and Coqui Frog. __ Gold Dust Gecko __ Scientific Name- Phelsuma laticauda laticauda Size- 4 to 5 inches long Color- Blues and Greens with Gold speckles Insects and Arachnids- Cane Spider, Cockroach, Praying Mantid and Walkingstick. __ Cane Spider __ Scientific Name- Heteropoda venatortia Size- 3 to 4 inches wide Color- light brown Dangerous- Not very shy and rarely bites Fact- The Cane Spider only has seven legs

Mammal- Hawaiian mammals include the Indian Mongoose and the Wild Mountain Goat

__ Wild Mountain Goat __

Scientific Name- Capra hircus

Size- 4 feet tall