Bea

Bea!

__**Indus River Valley-**__
South Asia has many different climate zones.India mainly has humid-subtropical, or tropical-wet and dry climates. In the north of India, the Himalayas help to regulate the regions climate. These mountains block most of the cold, dry air coming down from the north in the winter. This blocks the air that would otherwise stream into South Asia.The mountains also create rain, from humid summer rains.The western Ghats block this moisture,which makes the east of the Ghats a semiarid climate. India also has a vast range of physical features. In the region in the north along the Himalayas, the Khybar Pass, the Gomal Pass, and the Bolan Pass, the areas are very isolated because of such mountainous terrain. Along the areas, still in the north, in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, the land is very fertile, and attracts settlement in its area. From the north east of the Thar Desert, to the south, on the outline of the Malabar Coast, the geography of the land is less-productive based on the soil. From the Malabar Coast to the edge of the Bay of Bengal, this land has fertile soil, and also has more settlers.The population varies throughout India. South Asia suffers from two main problems, high population, and severe poverty. Almost half the world's poor lives in this region. Most of India's population is located in the north, in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. In the Indo-Gangetic Plain, there is about 500 people to one square mile! Many people also settle near the Ganges and Brahmanputra Rivers. If there were only 100 people in the world, 17 of them would be from India. Thats a lot of people!

For thousands of years,the people of ancient India used a barter. A barter is a swapping system, instead of money, the people of the Indus River Valley trade goods for goods. Silver bar coins were first used in ancient India. The coins came from Persia, and were bar-shaped with symbols. The Harappans exchanged grain, copper pots, mirrors, elephant ivory, cotton cloth, lapis lazuli, shells, and ceramic jewelry, all for silver from Persia. Following the Harappans footsteps, the Aryans exchanged goods to the same people on the same routes. The Harappan civilization may have ended due to environmental changes. The people had destroyed most of the forests by 1800 B.C, the Saraswati River dried up, and the possibly because of an earthquake, the Indus River changed its course. The ruins of the ancient city of Harappa were excavated in 1922. Harappan was built in 3600 B.C., and the Harappan civilization was named after it. During the Harappan period, (2500 B.C. to 1700 B.C.) Harappan artisans make vases for water and oil. Starting in 1750 B.C and for the next 200 to 300 years, huge crowds of Aryans poured into the Indus Valley from the north on camels and horses.The Aryans and Harappans soon became neighboring nations. The Aryans spent hundreds of years clearing the jungles, to make the land suitable for farming. Rice became a major crop, along with several types of millet, a grass only grown for its grain. The development of a widespread irrigation system allowed the population to provide food for themselves, animals also served as a source of food and cultivation.

The Aryans made holy books. These holy books were called Vedas. Vedas, are a historical record of the life of the Aryans. Until about 500 B.C., the woman of the Aryan were allowed to own property. Some woman were even famous warriors. However, over time the Brahmans became more powerful, and had new ideas. Some of which were that woman should be strictly controlled. A woman was not allowed to own her own property, and had a husband chosen for her. Woman were taught to obey the male members of the family. People were born into castes. People could not move from there caste, and had to have jobs within that certain caste. A caste is the social ranking. The Aryans were semi-nomadic Nordic Whites, located originally on the steppes of south Russia and Central Asia, who spoke the languages of the various Indo-European languages. Indo-European philology traditionally used "Aryan" both to denote a people, understood ethnically, and the language group itself "Aryan speech", irrespective of the race or ethnicity of the people speaking its various branches. In the wake of National Socialist Germany's defeat, the term fell out of general scholarly use in both senses, and "Indo-European", became the preferred designation of the language group, "Indo-Europeans" of both the people who occupied the original Aryan homeland and their descendants, who gradually spread out across Europe, much of the Indian sub-continent, and parts of the Near East. [2]

Read All About It!
Want to see a cool photo from National Geographic? Here is the link: Want to know some fun facts about India? Here they are- Did you know that... Cows can be found freely wandering the streets of India’s cities. They are considered sacred and will often wear a //tilak, // a Hindu symbol of good fortune. Cows are considered one of humankind’s seven mothers because they offer milk as does one’s natural mother. Or even that dancing is one of India’s most highly developed arts and was an integral part of worship in the inner shrines of every temple. It is notable for its expressive hand movements. The carved stone lion was originally on top of a Buddhist stupa in India. The image is now the national emblem of India.

__Invasions__
In 500 B.C., Aryan India was invaded by the Persians who conquered the Indus River Valley. After this, the Persian ruler was conquered by the Greeks in 327 B.C., led by Alexander the Great. Later, after 1858, India came under British Colonial rule, and south and north were once again united. Trade can have a huge effect on a nation. What do you think the British might have left behind? The British not only left their mark, but they came out with just as much as they gave India. Even today, The British can make hot and spicy food using Indian spices they might have adapted to more than 100 years ago.
 * //-MAKING INFERENCES-//**

Yoga, Bollywood, and Henna tattoos, were all once unique to India. Each of these has now become common in households across the globe. Not only has England, Greece, and Persia all changed India, but India has changed much of the world we know today! Spices are also of special interest today, where they are viewed as anti-inflammatory agents, that can help the brain and play a role in cancer prevention. Turmeric and several other spices are part of the Indian Ayurvedic system. The larger Ayurvedic medicine suppliers have also moved into the businesses of soap, toothpaste, shampoo, which use traditional herbal ingredients. //**__Fun Fact:__**// L’Oreal has been reported to be looking into purchasing an Indian Ayurvedic skin care brand, and companies like Estée Lauder have created their own Ayurvedic spa treatments.  

=//Compare these!//=

The Gupta Empire existed at about the same time as the Roman Empire. It dominated northern India. People were happy during the Gupta period, the "Golden Age" of ancient India. Over 4,000 years ago, in the Indus Valley, people built huge, planned cities, with straight streets, and brick homes. Wells were dug and the most vital inventions had been created such as wells, farming, religion, and language.

**Gods and Goddesses, Government Leaders, and Warriors-**

Thousands of gods and goddesses were worshiped in Ancient India. All of these gods were believed to be different forms of Brahma, the One God. Many gods and goddesses have overlapping characteristics. Many of the overlapping characteristics were good fortune, wisdom, and battle. Some gods and goddesses in this religion have multiple heads, arms, legs, or even eyes. There were many forms of government officials. Government policies were set up in a bureaucracy. Deputies, chiefs and councils, government magistrates, civil servants, king, and provincial governor. Wages were paid to the government officials, and changed accoarding to their rank. 48,000 panas for the prime minister, 12,ooo pans for provincial governor, and up to 1,00 panas for a spy.If a civil servant was injured or died, the government would pay allowences to the families. The Chandragupta Maurya army numbered more than 600,000 men. Lower classes, if in the army, served as lower-ranking foot soldiers, and Brahmans might become generals. The Indian army was first devided into four sections, elephants, cavalry, chariots, and infantry.

◊ Curry is an Indian spice made from turmeric. The British adapted curry from the Indians. ◊ Mehndi is the art of making henna tattoos which are beautiful designs on skin. ◊ Indira Gandhi was the first woman prime minister. She was elected, but lost her next election and was later imprisoned. However, in the next election she won by a landslide majority. During her period of prime minister, she brought India to prosperity due to her efficient rule. ◊ Diwali is the Indian festival of lights. ◊The Indus River Valley was said to be one of the most advanced civilizations in the ancient world due to their amazingly structured town set ups.

Quotes:

 "An eye for an eye, only ends up making the whole world blind." -Mahatma Gandhi   "Time is not measured by the passing of years but by what one does, what one feels, and what one achieves." -Jawaharlal Nehru   "There is not love, where there in not will." -Indira Gandhi <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> "The season of failure is the best time for sowing seeds to success." -Paramahansa Yogananda <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> "To watch us dance is to hear our hearts speak." -Indian Proverb

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **__Republic Day-__** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> India's national Republic day is in honor of the British leaving India on August 14, 1947. It became official that India was independent on January 26, 1950. Republic day represents the true spirit of independent India. This is much celebrated like the U.S.A's Independence Day.

=__**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;">Mehonjo-Daro- **__= <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;">Mehonjo-Daro is an ancient Indian civilization. It is located in modern day Pakistan.Today the Indus River flows to the east of the site. The drying up of one river and the shifting of the Indus across the site were major factors contributing to the drawback of the city.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> Education and Woman's Rights-

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> Woman are denied equivalent opportunities in different parts of the world. Education is one of the important demands for woman's rights. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> Woman can play a very important role in the development of society. Education is critical for woman because it enables them to respond to changes and to change their lives.The literacy rate in India has risen 18.3% in 1851, to 64.8% in 2001. The enrollment of woman in education has also risen sharply from 7% to 54.16%. Despite the significant rise in woman education enrollment, unfortunately only 39% of woman are literate, where as 64% of men are literate. The central Indian Government has recently launched the Saakshar Bharat Mission for Female Literacy, which aims to reduce female illiteracy and spread education and awareness even to the most remote and rural places.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> Population and Pollution-

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> "Man becomes pure by the touch of water..." Lord Vishnu

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> Then why is the Ganges River so polluted, if so sacred? This is something that confused me so I looked into it. The amount of domestic sewage being dumped into the Ganges River has doubled since the 1990's. This resulted in one of India's most treasured resources gradually being killed. Part of the Ganges River has already lost any wildlife that once lived there due to the horrible pollution. Not only has a population increase helped destroy the Ganges, but also the forests in India. Because of the demand for wood, the forests are slowly being cut down. This demand is so high that instead of being 'chop grow, chop grow' this system has turned to 'chop, chop, chop,'. This is slowly but surly destroying the forests.

Here's a PBS video [link] on the "Holy Cow"
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgEk4dPImNI

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **__Defining The Nation-__** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> By the late 1800s, South Asians were demanding independence from the British. But, while trying to gain independence, the Indian people where also trying to decide what what type of government they would want. Gandhi, Nehru, and other political leaders, wanted a nation that was **secular**. They wanted a nation that was united by democratic ideas. So, as India gained independence, the entire area was **partitioned** between a largely Hindu India, and a mainly Muslim Pakistan.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **secular-** religion and politics are separated <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **partitioned-** divided

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> //What does India's Voting System Look Like Now?//

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> Electorate elects, <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> the State Assemblies and the House of People

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> State Assemblies elects, <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> the council of states,

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> House of People elects, <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> the Prime minister

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> The State Assemblies and the Parliament elects, <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> The President.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> Government Officials- <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> India's current president is Pranab Mukherjee. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> India's current prime minister is Manmohan Singh. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> India's current vice president is Mohammad Hamad Ansari.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> India's current government officials are responsible, and in charge of what goes on in India today. India also has many forms of government officials, including Minister of Defense, Minister of Water and Sanatation, Minister of health, and even Minister of Agriculture! Imagine what India would be like without all it has today? India, right now, has a strong Secular Democracy.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **// NEW SECTION- //**

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> HISTORY TAKE HOME QUIZ-

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> ** The Renaissance- **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> The Renaissance is the period of time that came after the Middle Ages. Renaissance means, "rebirth", a term that suits this historical period. In Medieval times, people lived far apart and education was scarce. Not many people had an education before 1000 A.D.; there was no way to teach people. Monks and nuns would hand write books, which took up to two years to make. Because there were so few books, and so few other ways to learn how to read and write, many people didn't have the chance to develop these skills. The Roman Catholic church taught people how to read. Later on, the Crusades had their affect on Europe. The crusaders traveled far to reach Jerusalem, and returned with many treasures. The Europeans began to trade for the things they never had. Many Europeans wanted more and more of these things, so soon a busy trade was happening between Europe and the East. There can be no appreciation for the Reformation until one sees the great spiritual need of the western world in the 16th century. This period is a "black spot" to all who name the name of Christ, but it is Christian history.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **The Renaissance Feudal System-**

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt; text-align: -webkit-left;"> During the Renaissance, the feudal system began to grow weak. Under feudalism, kings were really no more powerful than nobles. However, with taxes from growing towns, kings became much more powerful. During the 1500's and 1600's, more people began to think of themselves as members of the nation. In 1066 A.D. William, a nobleman, sailed from hishome on the coast of France to England. He conquered the English with the army he was leading. In that same year on Christmas Day, he was crowned king. In the 1100's king Henry II set up laws for all of England. These were called common law. then, in 1215, English noblemen's made the king sign the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta limits the power of the king.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10pt; text-align: -webkit-left;"> The Roman Catholic church taught people how to read. Later on, the Crusades had their affect on Europe. The crusaders traveled far to reach Jerusalem, and returned with many treasures. The Europeans began to trade for things they never had. Many Europeans wanted more and more of these things, so soon a busy trade was happening between Europe and the East.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> ** Egypt- **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> In ancient Egypt, over 10,000 years ago, people started moving along the Nile River. People stayed here because the land near the river was fertile. Menes, a man who ruled over ancient Egypt, and became the first king, brought all the villages of Egypt together under his leadership. Menes built the capital city of Memphis. After this, the name for Egypt's king became pharaoh. Some pharaohs built tombs called pyramids. Egyptians most likely used simple machines to build these great pyramids. Each stone was probably pushed up a ramp into its place, and when in position, the ramp was built higher. Over 130 pyramids have been discovered in Egypt.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> ** Mesopotamia- **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> One of the first civilizations was called Mesopotamia, today this region is known as Iraq. Two rivers provided a lot of water, and being so close to each other provided perfect farm land. That is why Mesopotamia is also called the Fertile Crescent. Sumer became the first large area for farming. The people who lived there were called Sumerians. Sumer was the first civilization in Mesopotamia, about 5,000 years ago. The Sumerians invented a type of writing called cuneiform. About 2,000 years after that, another group of people came in, the Babylonians. These people were named from Babylon, a city in Mesopotamia. They were one of the largest, and most powerful groups in Mesopotamia. The Babylonians also wrote in cuneiform. Woman did not have many rights in Mesopotamia. They were brought up and trained from their early childhoods to be a mother, wife, and housekeeper.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> ** Oceania- **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> Oceania is located in the south east. Australia is large enough to be a continent, but is known as an island. The many islands in Oceania are divided into three groups, Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia. The islands were formed by volcanos thousands of years ago. New Zealand, made up of two main islands called North Island and South Island, is located to the east of Australia. New Zealand is surrounded by ocean, making the climate mild. The Maori were the first to live in New Zealand, they continue to live there to this day. People think that the Maori came from Polynesia and moved to New Zealand. The Maori built there houses out of reeds, they were hunters, and they were farmers. However there were also people in Australia, they were called Aborigines. Aborigines moved to Australia about 40,000 years ago. They traveled Australia in family groups, similar to nomads. The Aborigines were also hunters. They used axes, spears, and boomerangs. They learned to use there impressive hunting and gathering skills to survive in the Australian desert. The Aborigine's culture has been proven to be one of the earth's oldest cultures. Overall, Oceania has had many cultural influences that help make it what it is today.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;">The Middle East- ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;">Many of the people who live in the Middle East today follow a religion called Islam. Islam, along with Judaism and Christianity, was started in the Middle East. Before Islam, there was absolutely no organization and there was a great absence in political needs. The followers of Islam are also called Muslims. Muslims believe in only one god. In the early 600s a religious leader named Muhammad founded Islam; Muhammad was the messenger of Allah. Muhammad died in 632. By the 800s all the Muslims had created a huge empire in the Middle East.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> The Americas and Canada- ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> On Christopher Columbus's third trip, in 1498, he finally reached South America. By this time other explorers had also started to cross the Atlantic Ocean.In early May 1497, John Cabot, an Italian sailor, sailed with 18 men on a small ship called //Matthew.// Cabot, looking for America, landed on the east coast of Canada on June 24, 1497. He found rivers full of fish and huge pine tree forests. However, what he was actually looking for was gold. The climate in Canada is very cold. in fact, parts of northern Canada are covered with snow and ice all year. Southern Canada, however, has both cold winters and short summers.More than half of Canada's population lives in the southeast. Montreal and Toronto, two of Canada's biggest cities, are found in the southeast. The United States have climates and land regions that Canada does not have. Although, Canada and the US both have plains, mountains, and rivers. The US has a tropical climate, which is something Canada does not have. The United States also have deserts. Although these deserts are nothing like the deserts of North Africa, they are still deserts, and deserts are something Canada does not have.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> South America- ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 11pt; text-align: -webkit-left;">North and South America are only a bit alike. They both have flat plains, and mountains. Some of the mountains in South America are actually from the same mountain range as those from North America. A lot of the flat land in South America is huge, and bowl like area is called the Amazon basin. The Amazon river flows through this basin to reach the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the basin is covered with tropical rain forests. The Amazon rain forest is the largest rain forest in the world. The climate of this rain forest is very hot and wet. The tress and plants here are very lush, and grow to extreme sizes. There is also a lot of wildlife in the rain forest. An acre of forest land may contain more than 200 kinds of trees. there are more species and number of animals in the rain forest than anywhere else. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 11pt; text-align: -webkit-left;"> Even the rivers are teeming with life. there are more than 2000 species of different fish, dolphins, manatees, and many more! <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 11pt; text-align: -webkit-left;"> The rain forests are endangered. People have been cutting down many trees and polluting. Population and pollution are the man causes. As the Amazon rain forest disappears, life on earth will change drastically. Experts think that the rain forests of Brazil could be completely gone by 2050.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;">

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 11pt; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;">Ghana- ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> West of Ethiopia, about 1,800 years ago, a kingdom began to grow. The ruler of this new kingdom was known as Ghana. Ghana means, "king of the gold." The kingdom was later named Ghana, after the ruler. All the leaders of Ghana knew exactly where the gold could be found, however, they kept it a secret from others. Many people and traders, from many places, look for the gold. Traders would trade large blocks of salt for the gold. This was actually a fair trade, because the people need salt to keep food from spoiling. Salt was a necessary part of human life. The people of Ghana did not have salt, so they needed it. This made salt very valuable. Gold is still important today. Ghana needs gold to survive as a kingdom. Without gold, they wouldn't have enough money to keep growing. Gold mining has some problems in modern times though. Gold mining has made Ghana's agriculture productivity go down by 40%. Due to mining, there was an increase of 18% in poverty near mining areas, as well as higher taxes due to mining. Mining has had a direct impact on Ghana's rural income and living standards.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **The Middle Ages-**

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> The Roman Empire lasted for more than 1000 years. This empire began to grow weak over time. Some of the empire's leaders were cruel and dishonest, warriors from the north attacked the borders of the empire. This all took a toll on the great Roman Empire. The city of Rome was finally captured by warriors in 476 A.D. This mighty empire had come to an end. The Middle Ages is the time that falls between the fall of Rome and 1500 A.D. The Middle Ages literally means, "the time in between." Before the middle ages, there were only civilizations such as Greece and Rome. However, after the Middle Ages there were fairly modern civilizations.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;">The early Middle Ages were the hardest. Leaders were fighting over land and power, any signs of Rome ever in Europe began to crumble away Trade also began to disappear, and warriors destroyed crops and robbed homes. Near the end of the 6th century, Europe had a conversion to Christianity. In Ireland at this time, there was a similar happening. We know less about Ireland than England. This is because of writing in the early 18th century. Ireland had used Christianity earlier than the English; When the English had adapted to Christianity it was a flowering in their culture at that time, and at the same time a flowering in Ireland. Ireland however, did not learn from the Romans.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> ** Africa- ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> ** I **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;">n the 1300s and 1400s stories of Africa traveled around Europe. The first Europeans who came to Africa did not really know what to expect. They went in the first place because traders spoke of a continent highly decorated with recourses. At first, he Europeans only used Africa for one reason. Goods from Africa could be traded in Asia. Europeans traveled with there tools to the coast of AFrica looking for recourses. Every time they came back from Africa, their ships were full of gold and ivory. The growth of new colonies in North and South America changed the trade in Africa. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> In the 1400s, many European nations had claimed portions of land in North and South America. There was only one problem. They needed people to work there. Soon Europeans didn't go to Africa for gold, they went for slaves. Europeans hired slave catchers to get people from African villages. Usually the slave catchers were the Europeans themselves, hired to take a boat ashore and catch the people. However, in some cases, slave catchers were Africans who were paid to capture other Africans for the slave trade. The prisoners were crowded onto large ships, but not many of them survived. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> America quickly adapted to the idea of slavery. The Americans were first brought to Virginia to help aid certain crops such as tobacco. By the mid 19th century, there were beginning to be some different opinions about slavery. There was a big debate that began to tear the nation apart.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> ** (My thoughts) Connection- ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> //Just like the Europeans in Africa, Egypt also had slaves. The difference, however, is that the Egyptian ruler was in charge of the slaves. In this case, Europe// //took control of the African slaves.//

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;">The Hebrews- **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> The Hebrews are a large group of people who originally came from Mesopotamia.Abraham, a great Hebrew leader, led the Hebrew people from the land of Sumer to the land of Canaan. This land now lies in Israel and Lebanon. However, the Hebrews were later forced to move to Egypt. This was because of a drought in Canaan. The drought ruined all there crops, and without their crops they had no food source! In Egypt it didn't get much better for them. They became slaves by the Egyptians. In time, a great Hebrew leader named Moses led the Hebrews back to Canaan. This is a big part in the Hebrews history. The bible tells a story of a man named Jacob and his family. Jacob a man from Asia, moved to Egypt and became a property owner.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> **Ancient Arica-**

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> Egypt was the first civilization in ancient Africa. The Sahara is a large desert that separates Egypt from the rest of Africa. Africa’s climate varies throughout. In some parts of Africa there are hot deserts, where in others, there may be rain forests or grassy plains. Some of the grass plains seem to remind visitors of the United State’s Great Plains. Many scientists believe that the human race started in Africa. More than 2000 years ago, an African king named Piankhi traveled the Nile with his great army and defeated Egypt. He later renamed his land, “Kush”. For almost 100 years after, Kush became the most important civilization in Africa. The people of Kush used elephants for important jobs. They were used to carry iron tools and gold to far away places. Kush traded these things for precious jewelry and rare glasses. The people of Kush were some of the first traders, and used there elephants to travel far distances. One of the reasons this was a successful civilization was because most of the successful civilizations were all based on trade.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> ** The Industrial Revolution- ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> England began to grow and gain power during the 1500s and 1600s. England became one of the world's major trading nations. England was, at the time, known for cloth, and textiles. Most of the textiles during this time were made by woman in their own homes. However, things had to change when more and more people began to want English textiles. In the 1700s, because of the huge demand for cloth, England had to think of a way to make textiles faster, quicker, easier, and more at a time. In the 1700s they finally had an idea. They hired more people, and invented machines. Some of these machines were the steam engine, and the spinning jenny. These both helped one person do the work of many. These inventions, in the 1760s, were important in the cotton textile industry. This time, because of all the new machines and inventions, caused a boom in the textile world. Now this time in known as the Industrial Revolution. This also caused people to move in closer to factories and create towns and villages, instead of being spread out and isolated from one another. The Industrial Revolution brought a great variety and a larger quantity of textiles, which raised the standards for mostly the middle to upper class people. However, life wasn't easy for the poor and working class, the life of these people were filled with many challenges. Wages for for the workers in these factories were low, and working conditions could be dangerous, or even fatal. Unskilled workers were not wanted and could easily be replaced. Children were part of the labor force and often worked longer hours, and were even giving the most dangerous jobs. Children were even forced to clean the machinery! In the early 1860s, more then an estimated 1/5 of the workers in this certain industry were under the age of 15. This new way to work in the industry also caused many craftspeople to lose there jobs to machines. Also, streets were always over crowded and packed with people due to the jobs in the factory areas. Wherever there are people, there is pollution. Having all these people in such small places such as these towns and factories caused pollution and havoc. However, later in the 19th century, working conditions were improved.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: large; 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font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Times; font-size: large; line-height: 18px; text-align: -webkit-left;"> http://www.rivervalleycivilizations.com/indus.php